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    名師指點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)單詞記憶:用眼用耳突破詞匯關(guān)
2009年01月15日 16:06 來(lái)源:天津網(wǎng)-城市快報(bào) 發(fā)表評(píng)論  【字體:↑大 ↓小

  記單詞都是用心(to learn by heart)、用腦(to remember,to memorize),怎么會(huì)用眼、用耳呢?有人有特異功能?

  你不用著急,不妨先讀一讀下面的文章。

  The average person learns most of the 30,000 ~ 40,000 words whose meaning he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it.

  Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can’t, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious, write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list - preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.

  Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you do the new words you read.

  Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.

  If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500,000 ~ 600,000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.

  上面的文章,是有的高三同學(xué)可能做過(guò)的一篇閱讀理解的原文,五個(gè)題目回答起來(lái)非常容易,所以這里就將其略掉了。但是,文章本身卻給我們的復(fù)習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí),特別是如何突破詞匯帶來(lái)了有益的啟示。

  所謂用眼、用耳記單詞,實(shí)質(zhì)上就是要通過(guò)大量的閱讀(to read a great deal)和傾聽(tīng)(to participate in a lot of good talks)來(lái)記憶單詞,這是突破詞匯的最有效的辦法。

  備考過(guò)程中,很多同學(xué)都備受詞匯匱乏的煩擾,都期待自己的詞匯量能夠“速成”,于是就寄希望于某些“妙法絕招”。其實(shí),就詞匯記憶而言,任何一種所謂的速成方法,都是“表象”的,真正起作用、使自己的詞匯量穩(wěn)中上升,滿足目前考試和今后學(xué)習(xí)需要的,還是過(guò)去閱讀量的積累以及今后的閱讀計(jì)劃。同時(shí),為了保證復(fù)現(xiàn)閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)到的生詞,要不斷通過(guò)“聽(tīng)”來(lái)強(qiáng)化記憶。寒假就要到了,對(duì)于高三同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō),又到了復(fù)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要自主調(diào)整期,這其中一個(gè)重要的任務(wù),就是梳理詞匯,充實(shí)詞匯量。為此,給同學(xué)們提下面幾個(gè)建議:

  一、依據(jù)詞匯表,梳理現(xiàn)有詞匯

  同學(xué)們可以使用考綱詞匯表或目前使用的教材上的詞匯表(教材至少要使用五冊(cè)必修和六、七、八三冊(cè)選修),來(lái)一個(gè)“拉網(wǎng)式”的篩查,把自己目前不太熟悉的羅列出來(lái),可以50個(gè)詞記一張卡片,把卡片隨身攜帶,利用零散時(shí)間,隨看隨記。記憶單詞,一天要以100個(gè)詞為最小單位,循環(huán)記憶。不要擔(dān)心遺忘,你完全可以通過(guò)不斷地重復(fù),再加上讀和聽(tīng),最終記憶單詞。記憶的關(guān)鍵是毅力,是恒心!

  二、“密集”閱讀,復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯,補(bǔ)充新詞

  同學(xué)們可以選擇一本20萬(wàn)至30萬(wàn)字的雙語(yǔ)有聲讀物,如簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)、誦讀精品、合訂本的有聲雜志等等,在享受閱讀中不斷地讓生詞重現(xiàn)。之所以建議同學(xué)們使用雙語(yǔ)讀物,就是為了避免不斷地查生詞。在閱讀中一旦遇到生詞,先借助上下文猜,然后通過(guò)中文部分,驗(yàn)證自己猜詞的成效。同時(shí)利用該讀物的磁帶或mp3來(lái)聽(tīng)“讀物”,在聽(tīng)中記憶,會(huì)收到事半功倍的效果。2006屆一位英語(yǔ)高分的同學(xué),在總結(jié)自己學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)就提到,每年的寒暑假,她都會(huì)通過(guò)“瘋狂閱讀”來(lái)提升自己的詞匯水平和英語(yǔ)水平,她甚至在高考之前還在閱讀英文版的《哈利·波特》。

  當(dāng)然,同學(xué)們還可以選擇課本中的閱讀材料、試卷上的閱讀理解材料,把它們重讀一遍,這都有助于同學(xué)們將單詞記憶牢固。

  三、強(qiáng)化視聽(tīng),擴(kuò)大詞匯應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

  很多同學(xué)在背單詞的時(shí)候,都有“背得快,忘得更快”的經(jīng)歷。背單詞,如果不用,自然是記不住的。在使用單詞的環(huán)境中捕捉和記憶單詞,無(wú)疑有很大裨益。建議同學(xué)們每天聽(tīng)上半個(gè)小時(shí)CCTV9的英語(yǔ)節(jié)目,新聞、文化、體育都可,如果方便,還可以通過(guò)上網(wǎng)瀏覽和收聽(tīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的英語(yǔ)廣播,來(lái)創(chuàng)造記憶單詞的良好氛圍。要知道,單詞自己背了十遍,不如聽(tīng)出來(lái)別人說(shuō)出了一遍。

  記憶單詞是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ),也是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)和高考取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的根本。記單詞固然有方法,也有一些小竅門(mén),但不要因此就“投機(jī)”,就“幻想”,要腳踏實(shí)地,持之以恒,通過(guò)梳理詞匯表,加上大量的聽(tīng)讀實(shí)踐,使自己的詞匯量達(dá)到和超過(guò)考試要求,英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不斷取得突破。(南開(kāi)中學(xué) 段勝利)

【編輯:朱博
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